THE GULF WAR 1990 - 1991

The position of the international community about this war 

        U N , tried to solve this crisis by diplomatic means , but iraqi administration didn’t care about the international community .On January  15 iraq  still occupies Kuwait  and the Un deadline for the withdrawal expired . The diplomatic means have failed with the iraqi administration , and this made the american administration to gave the green light to start the war against the iraqi occupation forces by operation of desert storm , but through aerial bombardment only . In the early hours on January 15 , hundred of american and coalition aircrafts began the bombing of iraqi cities .The american first target was Baghdad the capital of iraq.

THE GULF WAR 1990 - 1991

Invasion of Kuwait

The Emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah had already fled into the Saudi desert. His younger half brother, Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, was shot and killed by invading Iraqi forces as he attempted to defend Dasman Palace after which his body was placed in front of a tank and run over, according to an Iraqi soldier who was present and deserted after the assault. Iraqi leadership started lying about kuwait , and they began to say that kuwait is part of Iraq , but this is the  biggest lie in the history of humanity because Kuwait was independent while Iraq  was under the administrative rule of the Ottoman Empire.

THE GULF WAR 1990 - 1991

invasion of kuwait

   After the failure of diplomatic means to reach a peaceful solution . on the first day of August , Iraqi leadership gave the green light to began the invasion of Kuwait . Iraqi troops moved toward Kuwait to began the biggest war against humanity, and traditions. Iraqi occupation forces invaded kuwait on the second morning of August 1990 . Within 24 hours the Iraqi occupation forces managed to control Kuwait . Kuwait was unable to resist the Iraqi occupation forces because Kuwait paid everything such as weapons , money to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war 1980 -1988. Early in the morning some Kuwaitis surprised to hear the voices of fire, they have no idea what is going on . they saw a lot of  Iraqi tanks around kuwait city , and they started killing the people who want to protect his family of his house .

THE GULF WAR 1990 - 1991

Causes of the conflict

     Iraq was bankrupt after the Iraq- Iran war , and this made Saddam Hussein forced to come up with solution for his financial crisis and looking for ways to compensate the losses.Kuwait was the solution because the oil was cover most of kuwait . Saddam thought that he will solve the economic crisis by invasion of kuwait .Saddam was believed that all Arab countries will stand with him against kuwait , but he was wrong in that

THE GULF WAR 1990 - 1991

Causes of the conflict

       Kuwait was a close ally of Iraq during the Iraq-Iran war and functioned as the country’s major port once Basra was shut down by the fighting. However, after the war ended, the friendly relations between the two neighbouring Arab countries turned sour for several economic and diplomatic reasons that culminated in an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. By the time the ceasefire with Iran was signed in August 1988, Iraq was heavily debt-ridden and tensions within society were rising. Most of its debt was owed to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused because Iraq must repay debt .

Crimes of Saddam Hussein's Regime

Chemical Weapons Against Kurds

       

     As early as April 1987, the Iraqis used chemical weapons to remove Kurds from their villages in northern Iraq during the Anfal campaign. It is estimated that chemical weapons were used on approximately 40 Kurdish villages, with the largest of these attacks occurring on March 16, 1988 against the Kurdish town of Halabja. Beginning in the morning on March 16, 1988 and continuing all night, the Iraqis rained down volley after volley of bombs filled with a deadly mixture of mustard gas and nerve agents on Halabja. Immediate effects of the chemicals included blindness, vomiting, blisters, convulsions, and asphyxiation. Approximately 5,000 women, men, and children died within days of the attacks. Long-term effects included permanent blindness, cancer, and birth defects. An estimated 10,000 lived, but live daily with the disfigurement and sicknesses from the chemical weapons. Saddam Hussein's cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majid was directly in charge of the chemical attacks against the Kurds, earning him the epithet, Chemical Ali.

Crimes of Saddam Hussein's Regime

The Campaign Against the Marsh Arabs:

       Saddam Hussein did not limit his genocide to identifiably Kurdish groups; he also targeted the predominantly Shiite Marsh Arabs of southeastern Iraq, the direct descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians. By destroying more than 95% of the region's marshes, he effectively depleted its food supply and destroyed the entire millennia-old culture, reducing the number of Marsh Arabs from 250,000 to approximately 30,000. It is unknown how much of this population drop can be attributed to direct starvation and how much to migration, but the human cost was unquestionably high.

Crimes of Saddam Hussein's regime

The al-Anfal Campaign:

 The worst human rights abuses of Hussein's tenure took place during the genocidal al-Anfal Campaign (1986-1989),in which Hussein's administration called for the extermination of every living thing human or animal in certain regions of the Kurdish north. All told, some 182,000 people--men, women, and children were slaughtered, many through use of chemical weapons. The Halabja poison gas massacre of 1988 alone killed over 5,000 people. Hussein later blamed the attacks on the Iranians, and the Reagan administration, which supported Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War, helped promote this cover story.